TREATMENT ADVOCACY CENTER
Visit our web site www.psychlaws.org
August 16, 2002
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1. PASS 'LAURA'S LAW' -- The San Francisco Chronicle, July 31, 2002
2. FAMILY AWAITS CAUSE OF DEATH; A STATE LAWMAKER IS WORKING ON A BILL TO GET
THOSE WITH DISABILITIES HELP EARLIER -- York Daily Record (PA), August 15, 2002
3. JUDGE GRANTS FAMILY'S WISH TO SPARE SON FROM PRISON; MENTALLY ILL MAN WHO SET
HOME ABLAZE TO LIVE WITH DAD -- The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), June 28, 2002
4. GRAY MATTER? A LIFE'S WORK EXAMINING MENTAL DISORDERS -- American Medical
News, August 19, 2002
5. BIO -- E. FULLER TORREY, M.D.
1. THE SAN FRANCISCO
CHRONICLE, July 31, 2002
[Editor's Note: Politics are a roller coaster. They certainly
have been for California Assembly Bill 1421, which would change the state's
restrictive laws to allow for assisted outpatient treatment and have an
eligibility standard that would allow for people overcome by mental illness to
be helped for reasons other than immediate dangerousness.
Modeled on New York's Kendra's law, the program proposed by AB 1421 could
provide for sustained community treatment for thousands who are now left to
severe mental illness by legal mandate. It could have, that is, until after a
California committee hearing on July 19. The Senate Health and Human Services
Committee passed the measure but amended it in a way that would have rendered
any resulting program impotent. Most crippling was that the committee's
amendment that tied the use of AB 1421 to California's restrictive inpatient
standard rather than its original clinically focused one.
On Wednesday, however, the Senate Judiciary not only passed the bill but also
approved amendments that again made it viable, returning the bill to more or
less its original form. AB 1421 is - after a few anguished weeks for sponsor
Assemblywoman Helen Thomson and the impassioned advocates of the California
Treatment Advocacy Coalition - back on track.
And supporting AB 1421 and treatment before the Senate Judiciary Committee was,
as always, The San Francisco Chronicle.]
Editorial
PASS 'LAURA'S LAW'
WANDER THROUGH the streets of San Francisco and you'll inevitably encounter
homeless people who are severely mentally ill. Many are harmless, but are unable
to care for themselves. Some are suicidal or homicidal, but they, too, cannot be
compelled to accept treatment. This is because California passed legislation
nearly 30 years ago that, with the best of intentions, had the unintended
consequence of making it almost impossible for a judge, family member or
physician to order a mentally ill person to accept treatment and medication,
even on an outpatient basis. In short, it veered way too far on the side of
protecting the rights of the individual.
Assemblywoman Helen Thomson, D-Davis, is a woman with a mission and has worked
tirelessly to bring California's mental health laws into the 21st century. Next
week, "Laura's Law," a bill that Thomson has sponsored, will be considered by
the Senate Judiciary Committee.
The law (AB1421) is named after Laura Wilcox, a 19-year-old high school
valedictorian who was killed on Jan. 10, 2001, by Scott Harlan Thorpe, a
41-year-old Northern California man who suffered from serious delusional
paranoia. Although his family tried to persuade him to accept treatment and
medication, he refused. On that fateful day, Thorpe went on a rampage and gunned
down Laura Wilcox.
Every day, police officers and mental health workers encounter homeless people
who are suicidal or homicidal. The law permits short psychiatric
hospitalizations, but it prevents courts from offering the alternative of
outpatient treatment and medication. AB1421 would permit a judge to order
outpatient treatment for people who don't realize the gravity of their illness.
Some people worry that "Laura's Law" would grant the state too much power. This
is a legitimate concern. Thomson's legislation, however, guarantees due process
rights and prevents involuntary medication unless family and mental health
professionals are first consulted. Based on New York's "Kendra's Law," AB1421
achieves a delicate balance between a society's responsibility to protect the
safety of its citizens and an individual's right to absolute freedom.
Last year, the Assembly passed AB1421 by a nearly unanimous vote. This year, the
Senate Health and Human Services Committee passed the legislation in a 7-0 vote.
But committee members amended AB1421 so drastically that they effectively gutted
the legislation.
The original "Laura's Law" would decrease human suffering by caring for people
who suffer from severe mental illness and by preventing them from harming
themselves or innocent bystanders.
We strongly urge members of the Judiciary Committee to restore and pass AB1421
as it was proposed by Assemblywoman Thomson.
2. YORK (PA) DAILY RECORD,
August 15, 2002
[Editor's Note: Led by State Rep. Stephen Maitland, there have
started the stirrings of reform in Pennsylvania. Unfortunately - as so many
other times and in so many states - these steps towards rational laws only make
newsprint in the context of tragedy.]
FAMILY AWAITS CAUSE OF DEATH
A STATE LAWMAKER IS WORKING ON A BILL TO GET THOSE WITH DISABILITIES HELP
EARLIER.
By Teresa Ann Boeckel
Family members will bury Christopher M. Arnold today, but it may take weeks
before they know why he died in police custody Monday.
York County Coroner Barry Bloss said forensic experts will review Arnold's
medical history and conduct tests in an attempt to determine the cause of his
death.
An autopsy earlier showed that Arnold, who suffered from symptoms of
schizophrenia, did not die from blunt force trauma or strangulation after he
scuffled with police. The case remains under investigation by the state police
and the York County District Attorney's Office.
In Pennsylvania, people with disabilities must present a clear and present
danger to themselves or others before authorities can intervene. By the time
police get involved, it is often in a crisis situation, according to Jonathan
Stanley, assistant director of the Treatment Advocacy Center in Arlington, Va.
State Rep. Stephen Maitland, R-Adams and Franklin counties, is working on a bill
that would make it easier for police or relatives to get help for those becoming
sicker and sicker from a mental illness.
It is intended to help the people get back on their medication so they will stay
well and to avoid what sometimes happens: police making mercy arrests of people
with disabilities, Maitland said.
Some workers in the mental health field have disagreed with his bill, Maitland
said. One psychiatrist questioned where the individual's rights and public's
rights take over.
The bill remains in committee and probably will not be ready for session until
the new year.
York Police Capt. Keith Ressler said he doesn't think it is difficult for police
to prove that someone is a danger to themselves under the current law.
Police undergo training to deal with people with disabilities, Ressler said.
Police are told that an officer's safety comes first. The concern is that if
someone would grab an officer's gun, for example, it could be used against the
police or other people in the area, Ressler said.
"We're not out there to hurt anybody," he said.
3. THE PLAIN DEALER
(Cleveland, OH), June 28, 2002
[Editor's note: "This was a vicious act, but I understand it was
a chemical imbalance. Putting him in jail would be like punishing him for a
disease."
We wish that communities could order judges like Eugene Lucci in bulk via the
internet.]
JUDGE GRANTS FAMILY'S WISH TO SPARE SON FROM PRISON; MENTALLY ILL MAN WHO SET
HOME ABLAZE TO LIVE WITH DAD
By Maggi Martin, Plain Dealer Reporter
Edward Parker tried to kill his parents last year, when he set their house
ablaze.
Yesterday, they tried to save him, making impassioned pleas to the judge that he
get help for his mental illness, rather than prison.
"The future of his disease is in your hands," said Jeff Wyndham, Parker's
stepfather, whose home was destroyed when Parker torched it April 12, 2001.
"This is a life crippled by a serious disease." Wyndham joined Parker's mother,
Susan Parker, in pleading for psychiatric help for her son. The family promised
the judge they would see to it that Parker stayed on his medication.
"We are all here for him," Susan Parker said. "We will do anything possible to
keep him sane."
Parker, 24, pleaded guilty to two counts of attempted murder for pouring four
bottles of gasoline in his mother's Bennett Road home and barricading the door
to prevent family members from leaving. They were able to break out unhurt.
Charles Grieshammer, Parker's attorney, said his client is schizophrenic.
Parker's trial was delayed last year, while he sought treatment for his mental
illness. He eventually was found competent to stand trial.
"He was clearly delusional," Grieshammer said. "In the figment of his
imagination, he felt he had no other choice but to try and harm them."
Grieshammer said Parker has continued taking his medication and has been stable.
Judge Eugene Lucci of Lake County Common Pleas Court asked how he could protect
the community if Parker failed to take his medicine.
Parker said his family has offered total support. He said his problems started
when he left home and enrolled in college.
"I lost control, and things became so bad that I thought I had to kill my mother
and father," Parker said. "I feel that as long as I am with my family and
working and taking the prescribed drugs, I will be OK."
Assistant Prosecutor Karen Kowall recommended that Parker serve at least five
years in prison. She acknowledged he had some mental problems but said he
planned the fire over several days and drove from Columbus to act on his anger.
Lucci told the family he was persuaded by their promises to supervise Parker.
"I am putting my faith in all of you to protect the public," Lucci said.
"This was a vicious act, but I understand it was a chemical imbalance. Putting
him in jail would be like punishing him for a disease."
Lucci ordered Parker to serve five years on probation and six months in a
psychiatric facility. He imposed strict conditions requiring Parker to continue
daily medication and counseling sessions with psychologists and alcohol
counselors. He must maintain a job and be in his father's home by 10 every
night.
"If you violate any one of these conditions, you will serve 20 years in prison,"
Lucci said.
Parker's family was relieved.
"The judge had a difficult decision," said Parker's father, Edward Parker. "He
has given us the benefit of the doubt. My son is a good person. It will be up to
him to live by the rules."
4. AMERICAN MEDICAL NEWS,
August 19, 2002 -- GRAY MATTER? A LIFE'S WORK EXAMINING MENTAL DISORDERS
AMERICAN MEDICAL NEWS, August 19, 2002
[Editor's Note: The Treatment Advocacy Center is chiefly the
product of the compassionate determination of E. Fuller Torrey, our President.
After decades of observing the Gordion's knot of antiquated laws and policies
denying care to people rendered delusional, psychotic, and/or irrational by
illnesses for which proven treatments were available, Dr. Torrey determined that
those confounding, tragedy-ensuring, laws and policies must be changed.
Yet this doctor, psychiatric researcher, foundation head, and author is neither
an attorney nor - he would be the first to admit - overly political (he insists
on telling things precisely as he sees them). He recognized that securing the
reforms that are so needed requires a team of legal and media advocates. As is
so often the case, what Dr. Torrey sought his perseverance achieved with the
opening of our Center in 1998. He continues to be both our inspiration and our
guiding hand.
Yet while we periodically present his writings to you, he is a magnet for the
media, and no person is better known in the mental health field, we perhaps do
not speak often enough about Fuller Torrey the person. This profile from the
American Medical News - while still concentrating on his multiple accomplished
careers - offer a broader view of this trailblazer. It is followed by a bio of
Dr. Torrey.
Never satisfied with anything but forward, Dr. Torrey has this year already
published two books. One is "The Invisible Plague: The Rise of Mental Illness
from 1750 to the Present," co-authored with Judy Miller, which uses a historical
examination of severe mental illnesses to suggest that the incidence of them may
actually be increasing. The other is "Surviving Manic Depression," co-authored
by Dr. Michael Knable. This work should become for those with bipolar disorder
and their families the "bible" that "Surviving Schizophrenia" has so long been
those needing guidance in coping with schizophrenia.]
GRAY MATTER? A LIFE'S WORK EXAMINING MENTAL DISORDERS
Brain diseases are a black-and-white issue for research psychiatrist E.
Fuller Torrey, MD, who stakes out polemic positions on causes and treatments.
By Stephanie Stapleton, AMNews staff.
E. Fuller Torrey, MD, is a psychiatrist who collects brains. He has lots of them
-- 474 at last count. They're the Stanley Foundation brain collection, a tissue
bank that is among the world's best brain research resources.
He also has lots of money. About $33 million worth. All in the form of
scientific grants he oversees to advance research regarding schizophrenia and
bipolar disorder. As director of the Stanley Medical Research Institute, he has
a pocketbook for this specific research dwarfed only by that of the National
Institute of Mental Health.
And he has lots of ideas -- ideas about the mysterious etiology of
schizophrenia, the soundness of NIMH's brain research priorities and the
necessity of treating people with severe brain diseases, especially those who
are homeless.
Obviously, Dr. Torrey, 64, spends a considerable amount of time on matters of
the brain -- matters that other people might consider gray.
But to him, there is no such thing.
He has been described as having a black-and-white vision of mental illness -- as
being iconoclastic, dogmatic, single-minded, a renegade.
It's hard to believe. In person, he seems mild-mannered, more like a college
professor than a well-known brain researcher and controversial advocate for the
treatment of severe brain diseases. However, he is exactly the latter two
things, inspiring reactions so strong that he is treated by some with cult-like
loyalty and by others, even from his own profession, with virulent opposition.
Dr. Torrey says the phenomenon is an unintended consequence, incidental to his
real goal. "I always wanted to be a doctor, ever since I was a little boy, and I
took great pride in being a doctor. Still do." Giving good care to patients is
critical to this sense of pride. It also motivates him to stay focused on his
research and to advocate for his causes.
"I see it as kind of a multiplier effect. I see it all as being part of the
practice of medicine. Just as if I had become a public health doctor or a
pediatrician. I would try to make good care available to as many patients as
possible."
Another source of Dr. Torrey's drive is an event that happened while he was in
college. His 17-year-old sister was diagnosed with schizophrenia. "I probably
would have gone into psychiatry anyway," he says. "But I probably wouldn't have
specialized the way I specialized. She has been a continuing reminder to me of
both the severity and the tragedy of this illness."
Other aspects of Dr. Torrey's career appear to be a result of his personality.
His proclivity for advocacy and tendency to focus criticism on his own
discipline surfaced early. "Even from my residency, it was clear to me that
[psychiatry] had major shortcomings. For whatever reason, I have felt obligated
to point them out."
He has persistently chastised psychiatrists and psychoanalysts for focusing on
what he terms the "worried well." "[These patients] were divorced by their third
husband or fourth wife. They were unhappy." To him, these problems do not belong
in medicine. They are not serious mental illness.
He has also been an insistent contrarian regarding federal brain research
funding priorities -- charging the NIMH with frivolous research spending. "In
terms of actually focusing resources on severe mental illness, they are still
hopeless."
Constituency groups react to him with indignation. So does the agency. "It is
highly unusual for an advocate to push to destroy a major part of the institute
devoted to his causes," notes an NIMH statement responding to a 2001 magazine
article on Dr. Torrey.
It's no surprise, then, that he is often tagged as adversarial. So much so that
Morley Safer described him during a "60 Minutes" interview as being "at war with
the profession."
"To me that is not being at war with my profession, it is trying to bring my
profession into the modern age. It is trying to make better treatment available
to the patients," Dr. Torrey says.
Becoming Respectable?
It isn't just these assertions that distanced him from the mainstream. His
research on schizophrenia has often run counter to conventional wisdom.
When Freudian thought ruled the day -- the notion that schizophrenia resulted
from poor familial relations, perhaps an overbearing mother -- Dr. Torrey
favored a biological cause. He calls it his "long-standing delusional disorder"
that infectious agents, combined with genetic predisposition, cause most cases
of schizophrenia and many, if not most, cases of bipolar disorder.
"One of Dr. Torrey's greatest attributes is that he is way ahead of his time ...
ahead of science," says Robert H. Yolken, MD, a neurovirologist and pediatrics
professor at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, who collaborates with Dr.
Torrey.
In the early days, such sentiments were far less likely to be heard. "I was
considered by my colleagues to be obsessed by the schizo virus," says Dr.
Torrey. "Many found it to be very humorous." He published his first paper on the
subject in 1972 and maintained his conviction despite excitement generated by
the single-gene theory.
From the early 1980s on, there was a certain confidence, he says, that it was
only a matter of time before the specific genes behind schizophrenia and the
other severe brain diseases were unlocked. That research, Dr. Torrey says,
turned out to be at least moderately disappointing. But a study of twins he
conducted from 1988 to 1992 fueled his position.
It involved 68 sets of monozygotic twins. Of these, 28 pairs were discordant for
schizophrenia. "Up until that time, the genetic paradigm was still really very
prominent," explains Dr. Torrey. "They had the same genes but one had the
disease and one didn't. I think that fact in itself said genes weren't the whole
answer."
Evidence was also surfacing that blamed ulcers and athlerosclerosis on
infections. "Lord, that was earth-shattering," he says, laughing. "I mean, we
all knew ulcers were caused by stress -- we had been taught that for 50 years.
The idea of a bacteria causing an ulcer was ludicrous. And then, it was not
ludicrous any more. And if [these things] can be infectious, even schizophrenia
may be infectious. ... People who were quietly making fun of us several years
ago are now saying, 'You know, you may have something there.' "
Chasing The Infection
In Dr. Torrey's work with Dr. Yolken in the Stanley Neurovirology Lab at Johns
Hopkins University, the search for the infection is the task at hand. But they
also work to discover how such infections could be transmitted to humans. And
this, again, raises eyebrows. Dr. Torrey smiles when he acknowledges the
nickname of one idea -- the typhoid tabby theory. But he sees the possibility
that cats could be the culprits that introduce the operant infection, perhaps
toxoplasmosis.
But it's the infection that is the prize. "If and when we identify the
infections, we will have much more specific treatments for these diseases," he
says.
It could mean a dramatic change for someone like his sister, who has spent most
of her life hospitalized, at one point for 25 straight years. Even though
antipsychotic medications make a difference, she has never responded well to
them.
If his research proves right, instead of pursuing these medications, doctors
would test her spinal fluid for antibodies against, for instance, Toxoplasma
gondii, and look for a particular immunological profile that suggests the
toxoplasma is causing her symptoms. "We've got very good drugs to treat the
toxoplasma very specifically, and we think we can reverse or at least ameliorate
a lot of her symptoms. That's the theory," explains Dr. Torrey.
Still, the proof is elusive. And his pursuit of it drives another mission -- the
brain collection. Now housed at the Uniformed Services University of Health
Sciences in Bethesda, Md., the collection was started in 1995.
"My assumption has always been that until you look at the brain tissue, you're
not going to solve these diseases," Dr. Torrey says. His first motivation in
gathering the brains was for use in his own projects. But a decision was soon
made to share the resource with others without charge -- a way to seduce
scientists to do more serious brain research.
Since then, samples from a controlled grouping of 60 brains -- 15 schizophrenic,
15 bipolar, 15 severe depression and 15 normal -- have been sent to more than
120 laboratories. This grouping is known as the Stanley Neuropathology
Consortium. All that Dr. Torrey and his colleagues seek in return for use of the
tissue is access to researchers' data. They take all the resulting findings and
combine them in a single database for analysis. "We will eventually end up with
the best description of what is wrong in the brains of individuals who have
schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and severe depression, compared with normal
controls."
In a related project, Dr. Torrey is working with colleagues to finalize the
Stanley Array Collection -- which involves RNA extracted from another
standardized, controlled brain grouping. It will allow researchers to use
microarrays to study hundreds and thousands of proteins or genes at the same
time.
How It All Fits Together
Time spent on the brain collection now is an investment in future advances. But
to Dr. Torrey, there is also an immediate need. Trying to meet it has propelled
him into the center of a tricky civil rights debate -- whether people with
schizophrenia and severe brain disease should be forced to take their medicine.
He says his activism here is a direct result of his experiences treating people
with severe mental illness, especially those he saw during his 16 years
volunteering in Washington, D.C.'s homeless shelters. "It seemed to me that as a
physician, I had a responsibility to try and do something."
The "doing something" stems from his belief that many of those with
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have brain damage impairing their ability to
recognize their own illnesses. Others disagree. "This is where Fuller Torrey
gets slippery" regarding constitutional issues, says Michael Allen, a senior
staff attorney at the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law in Washington, D.C.
Overall, Dr. Torrey argues for what his opponents view as draconian policies --
for the necessity of community-ordered treatment in some cases; for laws that
enable people with the most severe brain disorders to receive assisted
treatment; and for the assurance that people with such disorders receive
adequate psychiatric services and maintain medication compliance upon hospital
release.
Opponents consider this approach extreme because they say it jeopardizes civil
liberties. "It is not enough for a treatment approach to be based on the belief
that [someone] thinks they know what is better," says Allen. "We maintain that
medication should be a matter of choice."
Dr. Torrey acknowledges that Bazelon Center and groups such as the American
Civil Liberties Union have articulately raised their issues. That was the
impetus for the creation of the Treatment Advocacy Center, an organization
started four years ago to provide the other side of the argument. He is the
group's president. And his advocacy role there makes him a lightning rod for
criticism.
First, there's the charge that forced treatment devalues people with mental
illness.
"I can argue that every time [they] protect the civil liberties of a woman with
schizophrenia who is living on the streets, [they] are devaluing her," says Dr.
Torrey. "By getting her involuntarily treated, and successfully treated so that
she is able to live a more normal life on medication, I am doing exactly the
opposite."
Next, the violence issue. He is criticized for blowing out of proportion the
statistics about violent episodes by people with severe mental illness and for
contributing to the stigma. "I think that's the greatest damage Fuller Torrey is
doing these days," Allen says.
"My answer to that is they've got it completely turned around," counters Dr.
Torrey. The single largest cause of stigma against people with severe mental
illness is the headline in the New York Daily News that says, 'Another woman
pushed in front of subway by psychotic individual.' " He maintains that the only
way to reverse public fears about violence and mental illness is to address the
issue of those people with severe illnesses that go untreated.
And perhaps this is how the pieces of Dr. Torrey's professional life fall into
place. There's his expectation that the next five to 10 years will offer
stunning progress in regard to knowledge about schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder. "My dearest hope is that I live long enough to see the causes of
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder largely solved."
When this happens, Dr. Torrey expects it to be accompanied by the possibility of
better treatments. He believes the resulting understanding will clarify these
other sticky issues -- who should be treated involuntarily and how the law and
the courts factor in.
"So if you ask me to choose between spending two more hours on our brain
collection or two more hours trying to change the laws of the state of
Wisconsin, I'll put my time on the brain collection. We'll sort out the laws
based on what comes out of [that]," he says.
"That doesn't mean I should ignore the laws of Wisconsin. I think we still have
to try and treat the people who are out there today as best we can."
_________________________
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Torrey Story
Personal
64 years old
Married 34 years to Barbara, an economist; two adult children.
Professional highlights
1964-66: Peace Corps physician, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
1970-75: Special assistant to the director, National Institutes of Mental
Health, Washington, D.C.
1975-76: Chief, Pribilof Health Services, Indian Health Service, Alaska.
1977-85: St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D.C.
Author of 15 books and more than 200 lay and professional papers.
Education
Princeton University, BA, 1959.
McGill University School of Medicine, MD, 1963.
Psychiatric residency, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1970.
Stanford University, MA, anthropology, 1969.
Hobbies
Kayaking, classical music, opera, grandchildren; a self-avowed sports junkie.
5.
E. FULLER TORREY, M.D., " ONE OF WASHINGTON'S "BEST AND BRIGHTEST" -
WASHINGTONIAN, December 2001
E. FULLER TORREY, M.D.
"THE MOST FAMOUS PSYCHIATRIST IN AMERICA" - THE WASHINGTON POST
" ONE OF WASHINGTON'S "BEST AND BRIGHTEST" - WASHINGTONIAN, DEC. 2001
E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., is a research psychiatrist specializing in schizophrenia
and manic-depressive illness. He is president of the Treatment Advocacy Center
and Executive Director of the Stanley Foundation Research Programs on
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder, which support research on schizophrenia and
manic-depressive illness. His work at the Stanley Foundation includes
participating in ongoing collaborative research on viruses as a cause of these
diseases. He also is a Professor of Psychiatry at the Uniformed Services
University of the Health Sciences.
From 1976 to 1985, he was on the clinical staff of St. Elizabeth's Hospital,
specializing in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders. From 1988 to
1992, Dr. Torrey directed a study of identical twins with schizophrenia and
manic-depressive illness. His research has explored viruses as a possible cause
of these disorders and he has carried out research in Ireland and Papua New
Guinea.
Dr. Torrey was educated at Princeton University (B.A., Magna Cum Laude), McGill
University School of Medicine (M.D.), and Stanford University (M.A. in
Anthropology), and trained in psychiatry at Stanford University School of
Medicine. He practiced general medicine in Ethiopia for two years as a Peace
Corps physician, in the South Bronx in an O.E.O. Health Center, and in Alaska in
the Indian Health Service. From 1970 to 1975, he was a special assistant to the
Director of the National Institute of Mental Health. he is licensed by the
National Board of Medical Examiners and Maryland.
He is the author of 16 books and more than 200 lay and professional papers. Some
of his books have been translated into Japanese, Russian, Italian, and Polish.
Dr. Torrey's books include the following.
The Invisible Plague: The Rise of Mental Illness from 1750 to the Present 400
pages (January 2002) Rutgers University Press; ISBN: 0813530032
*** Surviving Manic-Depressive Illness - 416 pages (January 8, 2002) Basic
Books; ISBN: 0465086632
*** Surviving Schizophrenia : A Manual for Families, Consumers and Providers
(4th edition) - 480 pages 4th edition (May 8, 2001) Quill; ISBN: 0060959193
(Harper and Row, 1st ed. 1983, 2nd ed. 1988, 3rd ed. 1994)
*** Freudian Fraud: The Malignant Effect of Freud's Theory on American Thought
and Culture - 362 pages (September 15, 1999) Lucas Books; ISBN: 1929636008
(Harper Collins 1992)
*** Out of the Shadows : Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis - 244 pages
(December 1996) John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471161616
*** Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Disorder: The Biological Roots of Mental
Illness as Revealed by a Landmark Study of Identical Twins - Basic Books, 1994,
Senior Author.
*** Criminalizing the Seriously Mentally Ill: The Abuse of Jails As Mental
Hospitals. Senior author. Public Citizen Health Research Group and NAMI, 1992.
*** Nowhere to Go: The Tragic Odyssey of the Homeless Mentally Ill - Harper and
Row, 1988.
*** Care of the Seriously Mentally Ill: A Rating of State Programs - 1986, 1988,
1990 editions with Sidney M. Wolfe, Health Research Group and Laurie Flynn,
National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.
*** Witchdoctors and Psychiatrists - Harper and Row, 1986 (originally published
as The Mind Game.) The Roots of Treason - McGraw Hill, 1983; nominated by the
National Book Critics Circle as one of the best biographies of 1983.
*** Schizophrenia and Civilization - Jason Aronson Publishers, 1980.
Dr. Torrey has appeared on national radio and television (outlets like NPR,
Oprah, 20/20, 60 Minutes, and Dateline) and has written for many newspapers. He
received two Commendation Medals by the U.S. Public Health Service, a 1984
Special Families Award from NAMI, a 1991 National Caring Award, and in 1999
received a research award from the International Congress of Schizophrenia and a
humanitarian award from NARSAD. Born in Utica, New York, in 1937, he is married
with two children.
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